Microsoft Interview Guide


About Microsoft

Microsoft enables digital transformation for the era of an intelligent cloud and an intelligent edge. Its mission is to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.


Headquarters
Redmond, WA
Founded
1975 by Bill Gates, Paul Allen
Status
Public (MI)
Employees
~ 148,465
Leadership
Satya Nadella (CEO)
Industry
Software development, computer hardware
Revenue
~ $126B
Income
~ $43B
Overall Rating
(3.8)

Mission & Culture



Mission

Microsoft's mission statement is “to empower every person and every organization on the planet to achieve more.” 'Empowerment' is the key term in this mission statement. 

  • Growth Mindset.
  • Customer Obsessed
  • One Microsoft
  • Diverse and inclusive
  • Making a Difference

Company



  • Microsoft has re-orient itself under the leadership of Satya Nadella and has emerged a leader in various sectors.
  • Interviews are generally lengthy, take a whole day, a full day loop of 6 people.
  • You may be asked to do a 60 minute online interview in addition to phone interview.
  • Focus on mastering CS fundamental and solving algorithm problems.

Software Engineer Levels

  • SDE(59) 100K-145K
  • SDE (60) 120-175K
  • SDE (61) 150K-200K
  • SED (62) 150K 220K

Senior

  • SDE (63) 175k-275k
  • SDE (64) 210k-275k

Principal

  • SDE( 65) 250k-385k
  • SDE (66) 300k-400k
  • SDE (67) 430k-550k

Partner

  • SDE (68) 
  • SDE (69) 

Distinguished Engineer (70)

Technical Fellow (80)

Microsoft makes a lot of software and hardware products, below are some of their popular product offerings:

  • Internet Explorer
  • Microsoft Office
  • Azure Cloud
  • Xbox 360
  • Visual Studio
  • MS-DOS
  • Bing Search Engine
  • Windows OS
  • Outlook and Exchange

Microsoft competes with a large number of companies in both software and hardware categories. Some of the top Microsoft competitors are:

  • Apple
  • Cisco
  • Google
  • Facebook 
  • IBM
  • Oracle
  • Salesforce
  • SAP
  • Okta
  •  Proofpoint. 

Microsoft provides a good number of employee benefits.Below are some of their key employee benefits:

  • 15 days paid vacation, 10 paid sick level, 2 personal days.
  • Parental Leave.
  • Onsite Medical Centers
  • Child Care and Tuition Assistance
  • Health, vision, and dental insurance.
  • Employee stock purchase plan.
  • 401k with 50% match.
  • Social Clubs and Financial Planning
  • Commuter Assistance

Software Engineer



Process

  • A  phone interview 30-60 minutes with the manager. The interview focuses on technical knowledge and culture fit.
  • Five Interview rounds comprising of 4 technical interviews and 1 HR interview.
  • Each interviewer provides a hire or not hire decision after the interview. If 2 or more interviewers vote to no hire, the interview process does not continue further. 

Notes

  • The interview process takes 1-2 months on average.
  • All phone or onsite interview as 1 hour long white board based coding interviews.
  • Focus on on algorithms and Big-O notation for run-time and space complexity.  
  • The interviewers are more conversational, so make sure you connect with well.
  • The interview results are communicated typically within a couple of days.
  • What is the complexity of lookup/insert for a linked list?
  • A hash table? How would you implement an hash table?
  • Given 4 coins of values 1, 5, 10, and 20, find all the combinations of coins that can add up to K.  
  • Given the head of a linked list, write a program in your language of choice to return the middle node of the list.  
  • Find the longest palindrome in a string.
  • Given two very large timestamped sorted log files that do not fit in memory (possibly on different machines), merge them in timestamp order. 
  • Given a list of n unsorted key-value tuples which are too large to fit in memory, return the k tuples with the greatest value where n is several orders of magnitude greater than k
  • Write a function, that, given a paragraph as input, outputs the paragraph with all the words reversed.  
  • Determine if a linked list is circular. 
  • Find max continuous sum in array.
  • Find the common ancestor in a binary tree.  
  • Implement a LRU cache.  
  • Find the next larger element in a BST.  
  • Reverse a singly linked list.  
  • Edit distance, given two strings A and B, find the minimum number of steps required to convert A to B.
  • Design a garbage collection system.
  • Design a scalable metric collection service.
  • Design a hierarchical database to store server configuration.
  • Design Google Maps.
  • Design an API Rate limiter.
  • Design Twitter News Feed.
  • Design Bitly, URL shortener.
  • Why Microsoft?
  • Tell me about your project you are most proud of?
  • How did you handle a task where you had a deadline that you couldn’t meet?
  • Tell me time when you failed?
  • Tell me time when you recommended something and it was not well received?
  • Tell me time when you gave feedback to your peer?
  • Tell me time when you have to make a pivot and choose a different approach or solution.
  • Tell me a time you had a conflict with your peer and how did you resolve it?
  • Tell me about the constructive feedback you have received?
  • Tell me a time you disagreed with your management?

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